Unit 5

            Perceptions
The process of organizing and interpreting information enabling

             Visual capture
The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.

             Gestalt psychology
*Gestalt means"an organized whole"
These psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
The whole is the greater than the sum of its parts.

              Figure ground relationship
The organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

              Grouping
The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into groups that we understand

          1.proximity we group by figures together
          2 similarity we group items that are similar
          3 continuity we are looking for continuous patterns
          4 connectedness that is uniform and link together

Ex: Look at a school or a classroom


             Depth perception
*The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional.
*Allows us to judge distance.

              Visual cliff
A baby is crawling to the edge

           
How do we transform a two dimensional objects to a three dimensional
 Binocular cues: depth cues that depend on two eyes
    Monocular cues: depth cues that depend on one eye


                  Binocular cue
-Retinal disparity: a binocular cue for seeing depth
The closer an object comes  to you the greater the disparity is between the two Image

                    Monocular cues
-Interposition: if something is blocking our view we perceive it as closer
-Relative size: if we know that two objects are similar in size the one that looks smaller is farther away
-Relative clarity we assume hazy objects are farther away

                     More monocular cues
-Texture gradient : the coarser it looks the closer it is
-Relative height: things higher in our field of vision they look farther away
Relative motion: things that are closer appear to move more quickly
Linear perspective : parallel lines seen to converge with distance
Light and shadow dimmer objects appear farther away because they reflect less light

                       Phi phenomenon
An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession
                      Perceptual consistency
Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images changes