3/2/15

Motivation and Emotion 3/2/15

*What motivates you?

Ex: During the school days, at work, etc…

*Where do we begin?

·         Motivation- a psychological process that directs and maintains your behavior toward a goal.

·         Motives- are the needs, wants, interests, and desires that propel or drive people in certain directions.

*Motivation

·         Instinct theory: we are motivated by our inborn automated behaviors

*Biological and social motives

Biological motives- hunger, thirst, sex. Sleep excretory

Social motives- achievements order play autonomy affiliation

·         Drive theory- biological internal motivation (Homeostasis)

·         Incentive theory- environmental motivation (no as much homeostasis more outside factors

*drive reduction theory

- DRT when individuals experience a need or drive they’re motivated to reduce that need or drive

-therefore drive theories believe that the source of motivation lies within the person (not from the environment)

-need (e.g. for food, water)….Drive (hunger, thirst)……Drive-reducing behaviors (eating, drinking)

* Arousal theory

·         Arousal- level of alertness, wakefulness, and activation in the CNS

       -the optimal level of arousal varies with the person and the activity

·         Yerkes- Dodson law- we usually perform most activities best when we are moderately

·         Challenge- moderately low level

·         Easy- moderately high level

·         the law also states that we perform worse when arousal is either to low or too high

*Maslow’s Hierarchy need

*Biological Basis of hunger

-hunger doesn’t come from the stomach

-it comes from the brain

-what part of the brain?

-The hypothalamus

*motivation- hunger

·         Glucose

-the form of sugar that circulates in the blood

- provides the major source of energy for body tissues

-glucose low: hunger

-Glucose high: feel full

*Body chemistry

-glucose

-the hormone insulin coverts glucose to fat

- When glucose levels drop- hunger increase

*Hypothalamus

·         (Lateral Hypothalamus)

-When stimulated it makes you hungry

- When lesioned (Destroyed) you will never be hungry again

·         (Ventromedial Hypothalamus)

-when stimulated you feel full

-when lesioned you will never feel full again

*Hunger- environmental factors

- There are several environmental factors that affect our hunger

1. Availability of food

2. Learned preference ad habits

3. Stress

* Hunger continue

-eating for survival vs. eating for pleasure

-tasty food is more likely to be eaten even when full (Palatability)

-environmental cues matter

1. Commercials

2. Odors

3. Talking about it

*Learned preference and habits

-          Food preferences- acquired through learning

-          Sugary and fatty foods are important for survival ( that’s why they’re popular)

*SET POINT THEORY

-THE HYPOTHALAMUS ACTS LIKE A THERMOSTAT

-WANTS TO MAINTAIN A STABLE WEIGHT

ACTIVATE THE LATERAL WHEN YOU DIET AND ACTIVATE THE VENTROMEDIAL WHEN YOU START TO GAIN WEIGHT

*CULTURAL AND HUNGER